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Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of Bacteriophage. September 20, 1952.

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Title:	Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of Bacteriophage [1 of 18]
Creator:	Chase, Martha
Contributor:	Hershey, Alfred Day, 1908
Publisher:	Journal of General Physiology
Date:	1952-09-20
Subject:	Molecular biology Molecular genetics
Description:	From the Journal of General Physiology Vol. 36, No. 1.
Type:	Text
Format:	text/plain
Language:	en
Identifier:	hersheychase-pg01.jpg
Source:	Master scanned with Epson GT-10000+ flatbed scanner at 600 dpi.
Rights:	http://osulibrary.orst.edu/specialcollections/coll/pauling/dna/copyright.html
Full Text:	INDEPENDENT FUNCTIONS OF VIRAL PROTEIN AND NUCLEIC ACID IN GROWTH OF BACTERIOPHAGE* BY A. D. HERSHEY AND MARTHA CHASE (Front. the Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island) (Received for publication, April 9, 1952) The work of Doermann (1948), Doermann and Dissosway (1949), and Anderson and Doermann (1952) has shown that bacteriophages T2, T3, and T4 multiply in the bacterial cell in a non-infective form. The same is true of the phage carried by certain lysogenic bacteria (Lwoff and Gutmann, 1950). Little else is known about the vegetative phase of these viruses. The experi- ments reported in this paper show that one of the first steps in the growth of T2 is the release from its protein coat of the nucleic acid of the virus particle, after which the bulk of the sulfur-containing protein has no further function. ;Materials and Aldhods.-phage T2 means in this paper the variety called T2H (Hershey, 1946); T2h means one of the host range mutants of T2; UV-phage means phage irradiated with ultraviolet light from a germicidal lamp (General Electric Co.) to a fractional survival of 10-6. Sensitive bacteria means a strain (H) of Fschcrichia coli sensitive to T2 and its h mutant; resistant bacteria B/2 means a strain resistant to T2 but sensitive to its It mutant; resistant bacteria B/2h means a strain resistant to both. These bacteria do not adsorb the phages to which they are resistant. "Salt-poor" broth contains per liter 10 gm. bacto-peptone, 1 gm. glucose, and 1 gm. NaCl. "Broth" contains, in addition, 3 gm. bacto-beef extract and 4 gm. NaCl. Glycerol-lactate medium contains per liter 70 mm sodium lactate, 4 gm. glycerol, 5 gm. NaCl, 2 gm. KCI, 1 gm. NH4C1, 1 mm bfgC1,,, 0.1 mm CaC12, 0.01 gin. gelatin, 10 mg. P (as orthophosphate), and 10 mg. S (as 1119S04), at pH 7.0. Adsorption medium contains per liter 4 gm. NaCl, 5 gm. K;SO4, 1.5 gm. KH2P04, 3.0 gm. Na,HP04, 1 mns 119SO4, 0.1 mm CaC12, and 0.01 gm. gelatin, at pH 7.0. Veronal buffer contains per liter 1 gm. sodium diethylbarbiturate, 3 mgr AIgSO,, and 1 gm. gelatin, at pH 8.0. The HCN referred to in this paper consists of molar sodium cyanide solution neutralized when needed with phosphoric acid. *This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from the National 'Microbiological Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. Radioactive isotopes were supplied by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory on alloca- tion from the Isotopes Division, United States Atomic Energy Commission.