Linus Pauling and Race for DNA: A Documentary History Other Information 
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Chronological List of Documents

date unknown
  Quote: "Reduplication of the Gene: Several times in the period around 1948 I ..." (Linus Pauling)
1930
  Picture: Erwin Chargaff
March 30, 1933
  Note: The Structure of Thymus Nucleic Acid
1940
  Paper: Nature of the Chemical Bond, 2nd edition
1944
  Picture: Portrait of Oswald Avery
January 1944
  Paper: Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: Induction of Transformation by a Desoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III
1947
  Paper: X-Ray Studies of Nucleic Acids
1948
  Note: Acids and Bases, from General Chemistry
1948
  Picture: Linus Pauling in Cambridge
1948
  Picture: Alexander R. Todd.
1948
  Picture: Linus and Peter Pauling in England.
May 28, 1948
  Paper: Molecular Architecture and the Processes of Life
August 1948
  Picture: Linus and Peter Pauling in England.
1949
  Picture: Max Delbrück with cigar and cup of coffee.
1950
  Picture: Linus Pauling in his home.
1950
  Picture: Portrait of Linus Pauling
1950
  Picture: Ava Helen and Linus Pauling going to France.
ca. 1950
  Picture: Robert Corey
ca. 1950
  Picture: Ava Helen and Linus Pauling arrive in Europe
1951
  Picture: Linus Pauling and Robert Corey with model of a molecule.
1951
  Picture: Bruce Fraser.
1951
  Picture: Photo of MRC Biophysics Research Unit, intra-departmental cricket match.
1951
  Picture: Linus Pauling at the Gilbert Newton Lewis Medal ceremony.
1951
  Picture: Linus Pauling receiving a Gilbert Newton Lewis Medal.
1951
  Picture: Painting of Linus Pauling with an alpha helix model.
1951
  Picture: James Watson and sister Betty.
1951
  Picture: Model of the alpha helix.
1951
  Picture: Jerry Donohue.
March 7, 1951
  Quote: "I may say that I would not want to condense these papers into a singl..." (Linus Pauling)
March 31, 1951
  Paper: Atomic Coordinates and Structure Factors for Two Helical Configurations of Polypeptide Chains
March 31, 1951
  Paper: The Structure of Synthetic Polypeptides
March 31, 1951
  Paper: The Pleated Sheet, A New Layer Configuration of Polypeptide Chains
March 31, 1951
  Paper: The Structure of Feather Rachis Keratin
March 31, 1951
  Paper: The Structure of Hair, Muscle and Related Proteins
March 31, 1951
  Paper: The Structure of Fibrous Proteins of the Collagen-Gelatin Group
March 31, 1951
  Paper: The Polypeptide-Chain Configuration in Hemoglobin and Other Globular Proteins
August 9, 1951
  Quote: "I hope you'll write to Prof. J.T. Randall, Kings College, Strand, Lon..." (Gerald Oster)
August 28, 1951
  Correspondence: J.T. Randall to LP, LP's reply
November 1951
  Paper: A Phospho-tri-anhydride Formula For Nucleic Acids
1952
  Note: LP's Pocket Diary, "France and England 1952 Also Toronto"
1952
  Picture: George Beadle and Linus Pauling examining a skeletal model of a polypeptide chain, with a space-filling model in the background.
ca. 1952
  Picture: Portrait of George Beadle.
1952
  Picture: Diagram of Hershey-Chase Blender Experiment.
1952
  Quote: The proposer of this extraordinary formula for the nucleic acids has n... (Verner Schomaker)
February 14, 1952
  Correspondence: Ruth B. Shipley to LP
no date, but ca. March 1952
  Correspondence: Charles M. Apt to LP
April 1952
  Picture: Linus Pauling with chemical bond model.
April 1952
  Picture: Linus Pauling with models.
April 9, 1952
  Quote: Perhaps you will be interested, in a few years, to consider the possib... (Linus Pauling)
April 22, 1952
  Quote: "During recent years my work on the theory of resonance in chemistry h..." (Linus Pauling)
May 2, 1952
  Picture: Rosalind Franklin's x-ray diffraction photo of structure B.
May 6, 1952
  Correspondence: LP to John Tinker
May 6, 1952
  Correspondence: Alexander R. Todd to LP
May 12, 1952
  Correspondence: LP to Alexander R. Todd
May 12, 1952
  Picture: Newspaper Article: "Pauling Raps Passport Ban"
May 13, 1952
  Quote: "The only reason that I am pleased Ava Helen and you did not come to C..." (Victor Rothschild)
May 15, 1952
  Picture: Newspaper Article: "Pauling Answers Passport Rejection With Strong Denial He's Communist."
June 13, 1952
  Picture: Photo of Ruth B. Shipley.
June 20, 1952
  Quote: "May I say that the only part of your speech of 6 June to which I migh..." (Linus Pauling)
July 11, 1952
  Correspondence: U.S. Secretary of State to LP
July 15, 1952
  Quote: "I have read your editorial of Thursday 15 May 1952, which has the hea..." (Linus Pauling)
July 16, 1952
  Picture: Newspaper Article: Photo of Linus Pauling with caption
July 26, 1952
  Picture: Menu from closing banquet of International Congress of Biochemistry, Paris.
September 12, 1952
  Picture: Linus Pauling at a Seminar.
September 20, 1952
  Paper: Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of Bacteriophage
October 22, 1952
  Correspondence: LP to Peter Pauling
October 28, 1952
  Correspondence: Peter Pauling to LP
October 30, 1952
  Paper: The π Helix - A Hydrogen Bonded Configuration of the Polypeptide Chain
November 6, 7 and 8, 1952
  Correspondence: Program - Tenth Annual Meeting - Electron Microscope Society of America
November 9, 1952
  Correspondence: Jerry Donohue to LP, LP's reply
November 26, 1952
  Note: Notes - Nucleic Acid
December 1952
  Note: A Proposed Structure for the Nucleic Acids
December 9, 1952
  Correspondence: LP to Alexander Rich
December 15, 1952
  Correspondence: Jerry Donohue to LP
December 19, 1952
  Correspondence: LP to Alexander R. Todd
December 19, 1952
  Correspondence: LP to Henry Allen Moe
December 20, 1952
  Note: Atomic Coordinates for Nucleic Acid
December 22, 1952
  Correspondence: LP to Roger Hayward
December 23, 1952
  Correspondence: LP to Jerry Donohue
December 23, 1952
  Quote: "It is disgraceful that a committee of the United States Congress shou..." (Linus Pauling)
1953
  Note: LP's Pocket Diary, "Linus Pauling Notebook Solvay Congress 1953"
1953
  Note: A Structure for DNA (Typescript)
1953
  Picture: Original DNA model.
1953
  Picture: Crick and Watson walking.
1953
  Picture: Maurice H. F. Wilkins in laboratory.
1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling with David Ben-Gurion, Israeli Prime Minister.
1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling at the Weizmann Institute of Science.
1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling in Copenhagen.
1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling in Europe.
1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling in Stockholm.
1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling's Passport.
1953
  Picture: Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase.
1953
  Quote: When I went to Oxford in October 1952 to work on bacteriophage with Hi... (James Watson)
January 6, 1953
  Correspondence: Nature to LP
January 8, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to D.P. Riley
January 9, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to D.P. Riley
January 13, 1953
  Correspondence: Peter Pauling to LP
January 13, 1953
  Quote: "You know how children are threatened, 'You had better be good or the ..." (Peter Pauling)
January 15, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to H Kahler, H Kahler's reply, LP's reply
January 19, 1953
  Correspondence: H D Springall to LP, LP's reply
January 20, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Jerry Donohue
January 20, 1953
  Correspondence: Nature to LP
January 25, 1953
  Correspondence: Peter Pauling to LP
January 26, 1953
  Correspondence: Gerald Oster to LP
January 26, 1953
  Quote: "It would be nice if your model of the seven strand cable is correct. ..." (Gerald Oster)
January 29, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Gerald Oster
January 29, 1953
  Quote: "First, as to the form factor of the 7-strand cable, I must say that C..." (Linus Pauling)
January 29, 1953
  Quote: "I have read through your paper on deoxyribonucleic acid-I think that ..." (Linus Pauling)
January 29, 1953
  Quote: "I should be interested to know what sort of work you are carrying on ..." (Linus Pauling)
February 1953
  Paper: A Proposed Structure for the Nucleic Acids
February 3, 1953
  Correspondence: Gerald Oster to LP
February 3, 1953
  Correspondence: Peter Pauling to LP
February 3, 1953
  Quote: "As you will see from our nucleic acid work, we considered a helical m..." (Gerald Oster)
February 4, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Peter Pauling
February 10, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Jerry Donohue
February 10, 1953
  Correspondence: Alexander R. Todd to LP
February 10, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Alexander R. Todd
February 18, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Peter Pauling
February 19, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Alexander R. Todd
February 21, 1953
  Correspondence: Nature to LP
February 25, 1953
  Picture: Loyalty oath taken by Linus Pauling.
February 28, 1953
  Correspondence: Peter Pauling to LP
no date, but ca. March 1, 1953
  Correspondence: Peter Pauling to LP
March 4, 1953
  Correspondence: Alexander R. Todd to LP, LP's reply
March 10, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Peter Pauling
March 11, 1953
  Correspondence: Daniel Mazia to LP
March 12, 1953
  Correspondence: James Watson to Max Delbrück
March 14, 1953
  Correspondence: Peter Pauling to LP
March 14, 1953
  Quote: "I gave Watson essentially the paper on nucleic acids, and after the 1..." (Peter Pauling)
March 17, 1953
  Note: The Structure of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
March 18, 1953
  Correspondence: Alexander L Dounce to LP, LP's reply
March 20, 1953
  Correspondence: Jerry Donohue to LP
March 21, 1953
  Correspondence: James Watson and Francis Crick to LP
March 27, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Peter Pauling
March 27, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Watson and Crick
April 1, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Daniel Mazia
April 1, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Peter Pauling
April 2, 1953
  Note: A Note on Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate (Typescript)
April 6, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Ava Helen Pauling
April 7, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Ava Helen Pauling
April 13, 1953
  Picture: Group portrait from the Solvay Conference.
April 14, 1953
  Correspondence: Francis Crick to LP
April 20, 1953
  Correspondence: LP to Max Delbrück
April 25, 1953
  Paper: Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids
May 2, 1953
  Correspondence: D.P. Riley to LP
May 9, 1953
  Picture: Ava Helen and Linus Pauling Passport Photo
May 15, 1953
  Correspondence: Peter Pauling to LP
September 21, 1953
  Note: LP's Pocket Diary, "Protein Conference, Pasadena, September 21-26, 1953"
September 21-25, 1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling at the Pasadena Conference on the Structure of Proteins.
September 30, 1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling and Sir Lawrence Bragg.
October 22, 1953
  Correspondence: George Gamow to LP, LP's reply
October 22, 1953
  Quote: "High Joe! You, and your damned molecular models! Today I got a whole ..." (George Gamow)
29 October 1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling at the Yad Chaim Weizmann ceremony.
November 5, 1953
  Picture: Linus Pauling and Neils Bohr.
1954
  Picture: Linus Pauling lecturing at Hebrew University.
1954
  Picture: Ava Helen and Linus Pauling, Dr. Henisch, and Professor G. Stein.
1954
  Picture: Linus Pauling and Hans Bethe.
1954
  Picture: Linus Pauling holding a model of a sulfanilamide molecule.
1954
  Picture: Linus Pauling holding a model of a sulfanilamide molecule.
1954
  Picture: Linus Pauling.
August 1954
  Picture: Linus Pauling describing a chemical model.
October 29, 1954
  Picture: Linus Pauling.
November 12, 1954
  Picture: Linus Pauling at the 1954 Nobel Prize ceremony.
November 12, 1954
  Picture: Peter Pauling at the 1954 Nobel Prize ceremony.
November 12, 1954
  Picture: Peter Pauling at the 1954 Nobel Prize ceremony.
November 12, 1954
  Picture: Peter Pauling at the 1954 Nobel Prize ceremony.
November 12, 1954
  Picture: Peter Pauling at the 1954 Nobel Prize ceremony.
1955
  Picture: The RNA Tie Club.
1955
  Picture: Francis Crick, a member of the RNA Tie Club.
1955
  Picture: James Watson, a member of the RNA Tie Club.
March 27, 1955
  Quote: "27 March 1955...watching Boat Race...damn those filthy Cambridge peop..." (Harold Nicholson)
1956
  Picture: Portrait of Oswald Avery.
September 13, 1957
  Correspondence: LP to Francis Crick, Francis Crick to LP
1959
  Picture: James Watson and Francis Crick.
February 19, 1959
  Correspondence: Telegram to LP, LP's reply, Harvard's reply
December 9, 1959
  Quote: "So much good work has come from the Medical Research Council unit in ..." (Sir William Lawrence Bragg)
October 18, 1962
  Correspondence: LP to Watson, Crick, Wilkins
October 24, 1962
  Correspondence: Francis Crick to LP
1963
  Picture: Portrait of William Thomas Astbury.
February 18, 1963
  Correspondence: LP to James Watson, LP to Francis Crick (copy)
March 4, 1963
  Correspondence: James Watson to LP
May 4, 1967
  Quote: "Today Dr. Leonard Hamilton telephoned me from New York. He has been a..." (Linus Pauling)
May 17, 1967
  Quote: "I thank your for your letter and the two new paragraphs of your prefa..." (Linus Pauling)
1968
  Note: LP on von Neumann's theory of automata, from Molecular Basis of Life: An Introduction to Molecular Biology
1968
  Picture: James Watson and Francis Crick at a local pub.
1968
  Quote: At once I felt something was not right. I could not pinpoint the mista... (James Watson)
September 14, 1968
  Correspondence: Jerry Donohue to LP
September 14, 1968
  Quote: "Now that the dust has settled after the publication of J.D. Watson's ..." (Jerry Donohue)
September 10-14, 1969
  Quote: OLBY: ...One might say that the transforming concept in DNA is the ide... (Robert Olby)
September 10-14, 1969
  Quote: OLBY: Most people believe that Wilkins could have done it, and they ar... (Robert Olby)
September 10-14, 1969
  Quote: OLBY: ...The other point is about DNA. Pauling is very frank in tellin... (Robert Olby)
1970
  Picture: Portrait of John Turton Randall.
ca. 1970
  Picture: Maurice Wilkins.
1970
  Quote: "I might say that it reached a very pleasant climax at a conference th..." (Max Perutz)
March 1, 1971
  Quote: "Warren Weaver...that in the 1930s he had used the term molecular biol..." (Linus Pauling)
March 1, 1971
  Quote: "Well, we weren't working very hard at it; we-I was using -we had real..." (Linus Pauling)
March 1, 1971
  Quote: "...it was Wilkins' experimental work that put Watson and Crick on the..." (Linus Pauling)
March 2, 1971
  Quote: "I probably understated it. It is the dominant motive in science". (James Watson)
Spring 1972
  Quote: In my opinion present-day science, especially biological science, is a... (Erwin Chargaff)
Spring 1972
  Quote: Crick and Watson are very different. Watson is now a very able, effect... (Erwin Chargaff)
1973
  Video: The DNA Story
May 31, 1973
  Quote: "The model of the structure of DNA was built in a temporarily unoccupi..." (Peter Pauling)
1974
  Quote: "Using [Robley Williams's] density, I calculated the number of polynuc..." (Linus Pauling)
April 26, 1974
  Note: Molecular Basis of Biological Specificity
1975
  Quote: "She [Franklin] came very much closer to the discovery of the double h..." (Ann Sayre)
1976-77
  Audio: Outtakes from NOVA special
January 1977
  Quote: "Mrs. Shipley, I think, was a scoundrel of the deepest dye." (Linus Pauling)
September 1977
  Quote: AHP: Have you read the DOUBLE HELIX by Watson? (Ava Helen Pauling)
1978
  Quote: "So far as I could make out, they wanted, unencumbered by any knowledg..." (Erwin Chargaff)
November 6, 1978
  Quote: "In the same way, I might have discovered the double helix if I had co..." (Linus Pauling)
1979
  Picture: Sir William Lawrence Bragg.
1979
  Quote: Compared with all previous B patterns that Franklin had obtained, thes... (Horace Freeland Judson)
1979
  Quote: "Max is rather silent, but - to spend the days chewing on a problem, a..." (Salvador Luria)
1979
  Quote: "The glib assumption that he could have come up with it -- Pauling jus..." (Maurice Wilkins)
1979
  Quote: "...the whole business was like a child's toy that you could buy at th..." (Max Delbrck)
September 1979
  Quote: "Gradually DNA became better known. Paul Doty told me that shortly aft..." (Francis Crick)
April 1983
  Quote: "And, as I recount in The Double Helix, I thought Bragg was just a stu..." (James Watson)
April 1983
  Quote: "But I guess I owe most of all to Francis, who really did look after m..." (James Watson)
April 1983
  Quote: "I couldn't have got anywhere without Francis, so I really felt a litt..." (James Watson)
April 1983
  Quote: "Rosalind Franklin was a very intelligent woman, but she really had no..." (James Watson)
April 1983
  Quote: "Linus [Pauling] didn't deserve to get the structure. He really didn't..." (James Watson)
April 1983
  Quote: "And then Sydney [Brenner] came over. On about the first occasion I sa..." (James Watson)
April 1983
  Quote: "Both Francis and I had no doubts that DNA was the gene. But most peop..." (James Watson)
April 1983
  Quote: "But I doubt whether Francis and I combined spent more than ten worryi..." (James Watson)
April 1983
  Quote: Nature did celebrate twenty-one years, and that was really nice, becau... (James Watson)
June 1985
  Quote: "This observation of complementarity, later called Chargaff's ratios, ..." (Erwin Chargaff)
June 1985
  Quote: "There are no such men today. We have created a mechanism that makes i..." (Erwin Chargaff)
June 1985
  Quote: "Pairing I used later, translating my word into what had become a slog..." (Erwin Chargaff)
August 30, 1985
  Note: LP on Mirsky and DNA
July 1988
  Quote: I discovered that Rosalind Franklin and Raymond Gosling were working t... (H. R. Wilson)
August 14, 1992
  Note: LP on how learning life works
August 14, 1992
  Quote: "Another statement by Watson, in the candid tradition of The Double He..." (Daniel J. Kevles)
September 1993
  Quote: "To have success in science, you need some luck. Without it, I would n..." (James Watson)
September 1993
  Quote: "To succeed in science, you have to avoid dumb people... Even as a chi..." (James Watson)
September 1993
  Quote: "Francis Crick and I were both in trouble at various times in our care..." (James Watson)
September 1993
  Quote: "...Never do anything that bores you. My experience in science is that..." (James Watson)
September 1993
  Quote: "Constantly exposing your ideas to informed criticism is very importan..." (James Watson)
February 28, 1995
  Video: The Linus Pauling Symposium
September 27, 1995
  Quote: "My sometimes ambivalent feelings toward Linus over the past 40 years ..." (James Watson)
1997
  Audio: Lifestory: Linus Pauling
September 30, 1999
  Quote: "Let's just start with the Pauling thing. There's a myth which is, you..." (James Watson)
2000
  Quote: "Pauling's textbook on The [Nature of the] Chemical Bond changed the w..." (Mary Jo Nye)
March 2001
  Quote: "When asked what his idea of happiness would be, he replied, 'to have ..." (Jonathan Hodgkin)
2002
  Quote: "DNA normally forms a right-handed spiral (although a rare left-handed..." (Chris McManus)
September 25, 2002
  Quote: "Linus Pauling had come to Corvallis, and I, along with Verner Shomake..." (Ken Hedberg)
November 1, 2002
  Quote: "In 1953 Maurice [Wilkins] cabled me in Australia to write a note from..." (Bruce Fraser)
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