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• Collection of notes and papers regarding passports. [Filed under LP Safe: Box 2.013, Folder 13.24]

• LP Biographical: Political. Publication: Frontier, "Difference is Wrongness -- the Defeat of the Intellectual". [Filed under LP Biographical Box 2.039, Folder 39.22]
• LP writes cheque to: Beatrice J. Wulf: amount: $100.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Peter J. Pauling: amount: $135.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Kathleen Lonsdale to LP RE: writes that there is a possibility that a session will be held in the International Congress in Paris next year on the teaching of crystallography. Would like to know if LP would like to take part in the discussion. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #218, Folder #2 (Lonsdale, Kathleen)].
• Letter from Peter Pauling to Ava Helen Pauling. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.041, Folder 41.7]

  1 Dec 53

  Dearest Mamma,

  You write me many wonderful letters. I do not know what to do with them all.

  I do not think I shall go to Greece. Too far, too long travelling, too expensive, not enough time with you. Do not know what to do.

  I have a terrible cold. Second since August. Very bad. Went to snazzy dinner in snazzy hotel last night in Daddy's dinner jacket. Wore Victor's evening cloak. Little twirp is 21. Went to Arty party on Sunday. Wore black trousers & my red plaid shirt. Really beautiful shirt it is. Thank you for it.

  Stay up all night working after partys. Need to for electrical voltage to be constant. Get sleepy. Went to tea with Tess & Emma. She is very nice. Going next Sunday to Todds.

  My room needs something done to it. I am not well trained yet in interior esthetics & design. We should have got a rug in Munich.

  Sid off to town today to meet Martin Karplus.

  Saw Meggie Milne last night. Dances well. Pretty.

  Maria wants me to come to Germany for Christmas. Don't think I shall go.

  I love you,

  Peter

• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Lists his reasons for not travelling to Greece. It also mentions that he has had no great results with his research. He must use the X-ray spectrometer late at night when the voltage is more constant. Thanks LP for his report on his research. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.041, Folder 41.7]

  1 December 1953

  Dear Daddy,

  I do not think I shall go to Greece. Many reasons. Do not know what I shall do. Possibly stay here.

  1. Air Tourist via Rome costs $280 r.t.

  2. Train takes 4 days (3 nights) 3d with 2^nd class sleepers costs $215 round trip.

  3d Boat from Marseille takes five days (4 Marseille to Athens) and costs about $215

  round trip from London. Boat goes Marseille every Thursday (17^th par example)

  (10^th too_

  Really have not done any work. No great results. I am staying up at night now using an x-ray spectrometer. More stable at night.

  Many thanks for the report on research.

  Much love,

  Peter

  P.S. Penguins ordered. About $150 I guess. Will be added to my bill & then I shall send it to you because bill will be in .

• Letter from Prof. H. D. Springall to LP RE: sends the proofs that he had promised to send in his last letter. Enquires as to whether an applicant for a Senior Commonwealth Fellowship named Peter Rowland, who is studying the growth and properties of single metal crystals, might be able to work at Caltech. [Letter from LP to Prof. Springall June 30, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #367, Folder #6: File (Springall, H. D.)].
• Letter from Professor Mizushima, Tokyo University, to LP RE: inquires whether he can be of any assistance in setting up reservations for LP and AHP's upcoming trip to Japan in late February. [Reply to letter from LP to Mizushima November 24, 1953].
• Letter from R.K. Kapur, Embassy of India to LP RE: attempt to confirm the time of arrival in Hyderabad, India of both LP and AHP. Offers to help in scheduling transportation. [Reply from LP to Kapur December 3, 1953].

• AHP writes cheque to: Crellin Pauling: amount: $50.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Caltech YMCA: amount: $10.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Howard Selsam, Jefferson School of Social Science, to LP [as an endorser of his cause] RE: Enclosed a list of all the individual endorsers who signed a "Statement on the Right to Teach and Learn Marxism in Institutions Like the Jefferson School of Social Sciences." Also enclosed is a summary of developments in this case, which began on November 24.
• Letter from LP to C.V. Natarajan, Deputy Director of Public Health, India RE: would be pleased to visit the Bangalore Branch of the Indian Medical Association and give a lecture on the topic of antibody structure. [In reply to letter from Natarajan to LP November 16, 1953, related letter from Natarajan to LP December 10, 1953].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Heeschen of Allegheny College RE: Thanks Dr. Heeschen for sending him clippings from the student paper about his visit. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1953s.16]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Herbert S. Rhinesmith RE: was pleased to hear of the results of his lecture at Allegheny College. Is glad to hear of the possibility of Dr. Rhinesmith coming to Pasadena. Asks Dr. Rhinesmith to let him know when he might plan to come. [Letter from Dr. Rhinesmith to LP January 1, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #340, Folder #18].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Jacob Mazur RE: asks him to send some of his work or an outline whenever he needs his opinion on it. Writes that he will keep that matter of a job in the U.S.A. for Dr. Mazur in mind. [Letter from Dr. Mazur to LP November 22, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Tara Singh RE: responds to Dr. Singh's letter and description of her idea about electron waves in chemical bonds. Compares her discussion with a theory based on quantum mechanics and points out where her discussion is unsatisfactory. [Letter from Dr. Singh to LP November 25, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Letter from LP to Guggenheim Memorial Foundation RE: LP sends in three recommendations for prospective fellowships. [In reply to letter from Moe to LP November 20, 1953]. [Filed under LP Science: Box 14.015, Folder 15.1].
• Letter from LP to Hilda Brand RE: In reply to her November 22, 1953 letter, thanks her for the kindness she showed him in Rehovoth. Discusses upcoming travel plans. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1953s.15]
• Letter from LP to M. Sela, RE: LP thanks Sela for sending him the reprint from the Jerusalem Post. LP will not be able to see Mr. Weisgal when he is Los Angeles because LP is leaving soon for a trip to India. [Sela’s letter November 18, 1953] [Filed under LP Speeches: (Speeches by Linus Pauling, 1953), Box 1953s, Folder 1953s.15]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Fred Meller RE: comments on Mr. Meller's previous letter of October 21, 1953 on the crystal structure of tin tetraiodide. [previous related letter from Mr. Fred Meller to LP October 21, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #117, Folder #4].
• Letter from LP to Professor F. Giordani, Rome RE: Won't be able to stop in Italy to give a lecture due to difficulties in scheduling the trip to India.
• Letter from S.E.Q. Ashley, manager of the Major Appliance Laboratory of General Electric Co. to LP RE: sends a photo of LP as a souvenir of a past trip. [LP response December 9, 1953] [Filed under A: Correspondence 1953, Box #12.19].
• Letter from Walter A. Schroeder to Mr. Dale Gross cc: LP RE: says that he is enclosing two copies of a letter to him stating that the facilities of the lab will be available to him in the event that he receives the Lily Fellowship. These he hopes will fulfill the requirements for his application. The results with Mr. Gross' sublimation procedure sound interesting. [Letter from Dr. Schroeder to Mr. Gross December 2, 1953] [Filed under G: Correspondence 1953, Box #140, Folder #17]
• Receipt from the Caltech YMCA to LP in the amount of $10.00.

• AHP writes cheque to: Walter Fritts [Alpha Beta Food Markets Inc.]: amount: $12.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from K.V. Sundaram, Royal Institute of Chemistry, India, to LP RE: would like to have LP speak at the Institute if he plans on traveling to Madras while in India. [Reply from LP to Sundaram December 10, 1953].
• Memo from A. H. Walter to Dr. Verner Schomaker, cc: LP RE: Sends Dr. Schomaker a copy of an amendment to a contract with the ONR. [related letter sent November 9, 1953] [Filed under LP Science: Box 14.032, Folder 32.2]

• Article from Science titled "Report of the Committee on Battery Additives." Discusses the Battery Additive Case [Astin Case]. [Filed under LP Science: Box 14.023, Folder 23.4]
• Caltech Ph.D. Oral Examination held for John Burton Opfell. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.016, Folder 16.2]
• Letter from M. W. Tamele of Shell Development Company to LP RE: thanks LP on behalf of Prof. Bottcher and his colleagues for such an enjoyable visit to Caltech. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #410, Folder #18]

• Letter from Dr. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi of the Laboratory of the Institute for Muscle Research to LP RE: regrets that his proposal of LP for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1953 was not accepted. Is trying again for the year 1954, and wonders if LP would like him to add anything to the proposal about his recent work. [Letter from LP to Dr. A. Szent-Gyorgyi January 13, 1953, letter from LP to Dr. Szent-Gyorgyi December 11, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #371, Folder #1 : File (Szent-Gyorgyi, A.)].

• AHP writes cheque to: Good Foods: amount: $12.06 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Article torn out of Physics Today entitled "The Kelly Report on NBS," a summary of the recent issues involved in the National Bureau of Standards. [Filed under LP Science: Box 14.023, Folder 23.1]
• Copy of the F.A.S. Newsletter with a brief paragraph on the Astin case in retrospect on page 3. [4 pages] [Filed under LP Science: Box 14.023, Folder 23.2]
• Letter from D. L. Woernley of Roswell Park Memorial Institute to LP RE: asks for LP's assistance in locating for him an adequate description of the technique and apparatus for measuring the magnetic anisotropy of fibers. [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Woernley December 11, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #444, File #1].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Farrington Daniels, President of the American Chemical Society RE: writes in regard to the matter of Mme. Joliot-Curie being denied membership to the ACS, writes that he hopes the action has been reversed, as many French and American chemists disapprove. [related letter from Dr. Daniels to LP November 9, 1953, related letter from Dr. Daniels to LP December 10, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #190, Folder #4 (Irene Joliot-Curie)].
• Telegram from the Kapur Indembassy to LP RE: Contains flight information for upcoming trip to India. Specifies the flight planned for February 15, 1954 trip from Bombay to Calcutta. [Related telegram from the Kapur Indembassy to LP December 11, 1953].

• LP writes cheque to: HL Byran, Tax Collector: amount: $822.76 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Ernest C. Pollard, Scientists' Committee on Loyalty and Security, to LP RE: Form letter outlines the McCarthy investigation of scientific research activities and it's interference on academic matters. [Filed under LP Peace: Box 4.007, Folder 7.1]
• Letter from LP to Dean Lacey RE: request that the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering be allowed to offer graduate appointments to a larger number of students, with expectations that fewer will accept the offer. [Related letter from LP to Lacey March 5, 1953]. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.018, Folder 18.2]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Clarence Zener, Westinghouse Electric RE: Extends invitation for attendance to the planned Caltech conference on metal structure being held for industrial associates. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Evenari, The Hebrew University RE: Describes problems in getting to India from Israel and the solution. Goes on to discuss the topics he wishes to lecture on and areas of Israel that he and AHP would like to travel to.
• Letter from LP to Dr. Peter Kriezis, Hational Technical University of Athens RE: Gives travel information regarding the scheduled arrival time in Athens [December 17, 1953] and notes that he will forward lecture summaries. [Related letter from LP to Kriezis December 15, 1953].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Winslow Smith, Tel Aviv, Israel RE: informs Smith that he may be in Jerusalem to give a lecture on his way to India.
• Letter from LP to Gerhard Schmidt, Weizmann Institute, Israel RE: Informs Schmidt and Hilda that LP and AHP will be stopping over in Israel on the way to India.
• Letter from LP to Professor Max Bobtelsky, Hebrew University RE: Thanks him for making arrangements for their stay at Hebrew University and gives further travel information.
• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Disappointed that AHP may not travel to England. States that he thinks he will not travel to Greece, Germany, or Denmark. He is in poor health, having caught numerous colds. Peter mentions that he must determine a problem to work on for research. He is leaning towards muscle and cyclic peptides. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.041, Folder 41.7]

  8 xii 53

  Dear Parents,

  You shall leave soon, I think Daddy seems to indicate you will not come to England, which is too bad. I do not think I shall go Greece. Expensive, rainy, too short a time. I think I shall stay here. Shall not go to Germany to visit the von Steins. I do not think I shall go to Copenhagen.

  I have as yet received no official (or unofficial) word as to my future.

  As of 1 August 1954, N.F. Mott is Cavendish Professor.

  You know, I would like to continue to get the New Yorker, if possible. I like it very much.

  I am in rather poor health, settled down to a cough & cold. I expect it will last until Spring. Too bad.

  I must decide what to work on. I have a tendency toward muscle. I would like to work on the smallest cyclic peptide we could get to see if we could determine how the helix goes around a corner. Too early yet for this, I think. No peptides available. I have thought of no separate problems on myoglobin. So much a matter of chance that anything really definitive come out.

  Got a letter from Linus. He writes pretty often now.

  I hope I can see you. It would be very nice.

  Much love,

  XXXOOOO Peter

• AHP writes cheque to: George Miller : amount: $22.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Pierre Dalinet Coiffures: amount: $23.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. E. J. Holmyard of the publication Endeavour RE: asks for a copy of issue No.25 of the publication Endeavour for Jan. 1947. Goes on to praise the publication as his favorite and then makes a suggestion for the publication to consider including some additional info. in their journal. [Letter of response from Endeavour [Dr. E. J. Holymard] to LP December 17, 1953] [Filed under E: Correspondence 1953, Box #112, Folder #19]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Jeffries Wyman RE: Discusses Dr. Wyman's work and the papers by Prof. Kubo having to do with the magnetic properties of hemerythrian. Mentions that "Roughton" will be visiting Caltech. Goes on to discuss his trip to Europe. Also mentions a matter in which Mme. Joliot-Curie was denied membership into the American Chemical Society.
• Letter from LP to G. Karmaker RE: Thanks him for forwarding the November 3, 1953 letter Karmaker received from Mr. Rasheed. It will aid him in scheduling the trip to India.
• Letter from LP to George Gamow. [In reply to October 22, 1953 letter from Gamow to LP]. [Filed under LP Science: Box 9.001, Folder 1.43]

  December 9, 1953

  Mr. George Gamow

  19 Thoreau Drive

  Bethesda, Maryland

  Dear Gamow:

  I have been interested to see your letter which arrived in Pasadena just about when I was leaving, on a trip to Israel.

  The problem of the determination of sequence of amino-acid residues in the protein molecule through complementariness to the nucleic acid molecule is a very interesting one, Corey and I thought about it in connection with our proposed structure for nucleic acid (Proc. Hat. Acad. Sci. Feb., 1953) which stimulated Watson and Crick, who had a copy of the manuscript, to develop their structure, and I know that Watson and Crick have thought it over too. I feel that a decision has to be made through the consideration of the shapes of the molecules as to where the amino-acid residues fit in. The number of possibilities is, as you point out, about enough to explain the selection uniquely of the residues, in position of about 3.5 Angstrom from one another along the polynucleotide molecule.

  The comment I would make about your number 20 is that I do not see the 12 that you rule out on the basis that they are D forms. The rhomb is on one side of the nucleic acid molecule, and there is a polar axis along the molecule if a polypeptide chain is being built up because the polypeptide chain itself has a polar axis. Hence, all 32 rhombs are to be considered as different. In fact, I think that the number should still be multiplied by two.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:cj

• Letter from LP to Howard Brooks, Unitarian Service Committee, RE: LP gives a final cost assessment for his July 1953 trip to Germany, and states that he will send the requested report in a few days. [In reply to October 26, 1953 letter from Brooks to LP, Related letter from LP to Brooks December 15, 1953]. [Filed under LP Peace: Box 4.001, Folder 1.3]
• Letter from LP to Justice Owen J. Roberts, President, American Philosophical Society, RE: LP suggests that papers in the fields of mathematics and the physical sciences be incorporated into the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. [Filed under LP Science: 14.011, Folder 11.2].
• Letter from LP to Mrs. Helen Bodman RE: AHP and LP are pleased that she is pleased with the spoon that they sent her from the 18th century. Is glad to hear that she and Mr. Bodman may visit Cambridge. Goes into detail about how Peter lives there and describes his lodging. [Filed under B: Correspondence 1953, Box #37, Folder #20]
• Letter from LP to Mrs. Marjorie Lassettre RE: in response to Mrs. Lassettre's letter, writes that he cannot give her any specific information on the salary range she could expect when working at their lab. Recommends that when she is able to work for them in chromatography, that she should let them know. [Letter from Mrs. Marjorie Lassettre to LP November 18, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #212, Folder #14 (Lassettre, Marjorie)].
• Letter from LP to Prof. F. J. Toole RE: Mentions a recent trip to Israel and an upcoming trip to India. Says that he has spoken with Prof. Zechmeister about lecturing at their summer seminar. The possibility does not look promising. Dr. Hughes and Mr. Nathan are making progress on the x-ray structure work. Would like to give a Priestman Memorial Lecture in 1954 or 1955. [Letter from Prof. F. J. Toole to LP November 10, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #407, Folder #8].
• Letter from LP to Prof. G. V. Raynor RE: writes that he is glad to know about Dr. Naor from Prof. Raynor's letter. He thinks that based on that review it may be possible to give him a fellowship for one year. Also writes that he is putting off his work on MgCu2 due to his interest in the proteins at this time. [Letter from Prof. Raynor to LP October 20, 1953] [Filed under N: Correspondence 1953, Box #287, Folder #20]
• Letter from LP to Ruth Soffer of the Encyclopedia Britannica RE: Encloses permission for them to use his drawing from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in their publication. Also gives specific reference to an image he used in his book The Nature of the Chemical Bond. [Letter from Ruth Soffer November 10, 1953] [Filed under E: Correspondence 1953, Box #112, Folder #19]
• Letter of response from LP to Mr. S. E. Q. Ashley, manager of Major Appliance Lab, General Electric Co. RE: thanks Mr. Ashley for the photograph that he just sent. [Letter to LP December 2, 1953] [Filed under A: Correspondence 1953, Box #12.19]
• Memo from Dan Campbell to LP RE: Outlines Campbell's past work with Richard Lippman, and then suggests that Lippman be given research space at Caltech to work. [Handwritten note: Approved by Div. Ch. and Ch. Eng. 11 Dec. 1953]. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #217, Folder #5 (Lippman)].

• AHP writes cheque to: AC Vroman [Vroman's Bookstore]: amount: $30.02 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: American Foundation for the Blind: amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Athenaeum [Jet Propulsion Laboratory Bookstore]: amount: $4.80 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Carl Hoelscher: amount: $6.16 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Colby Nurseries: amount: $10.18 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Fashion Cleaners: amount: $5.60 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Gene Browne [Ralph's Grocery Company]: amount: $19.35 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Mira Loma Mutual Water Company: amount: $9.45 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Pacific Tel & Tel: amount: $14.33 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Pasadena Corset Shop, Inc.: amount: $25.88 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Pasadena Tuberculosis Association: amount: $2.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Piney Woods Country Life School: amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Richfield Oil Corporation: amount: $25.17 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Southern Counties Gas Company: amount: $6.41 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Susie Perry [Boormans Market]: amount: $6.25 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: The American Indian Fund: amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: The Parkway-Pasadena: amount: $34.88 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Tide Water Associated Oil Company: amount: $10.27 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Women's International League: amount: $3.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Caltech Ph.D. Oral Examination held for Donald G. Crosby. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.016, Folder 16.2]
• Letter from C.V. Natarajan to LP RE: has notified Prasad and Bhatnagar, who have been planning LP's itinerary, to include Bangalore in the destinations. [Related letter from LP to Natarajan December 2, 1953].
• Letter from Dr. Farrington Daniels to LP [copy made from an original in the LP Collection Science Section] RE: Discusses the case of Mme. Joliot-Curie being denied membership to the ACS. Explains to LP his understood reasons for the denial. Mentions the situation as some kind of "communist trap designed to embarrass [them]." [related letter from LP to Dr. Daniels December 7, 1953, related letter from LP to Dr. Daniels December 17, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #190, Folder #4 (Irene Joliot-Curie)].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Archibald Gillies RE: Writes in response to Dr. Gillies' letter and request for critique on his paper. LP writes that his results on binary mixtures of substituted phenoxyacetic acids are not yet in shape for publication. Goes on to describe his problems with the paper. [pencil note in the lower left of the letter: "material he sent."] [Letter from Dr. Archibald Gillies to LP October 22, 1953] [Filed under G: Correspondence 1953, Box #140, Folder #17]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Sundaram, The Royal Institute of Chemistry, Madras, India RE: Would like to visit the institute and goes on to list five possible topics for a lecture. [in reply to letter from Sundaram to LP December 3, 1953].
• Letter from LP to Sidney Weinbaum. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #433, Folder #8]

  10 December 1953

  Dr. S. Weinbaum

  221 North Rampart St.

  Los Angeles, Calif.

  Dear Sidney:

  I am sorry that I was not in my office when you and Lena dropped by. I am very busy right now getting everything done that needs to be done before leaving for India.

  There is a matter that I feel that I should mention to you. When I was in Israel and looking over the scientific work that was being done I thought of the possibility that you and Lena would want to emigrate to that country. I may say that I was very much impressed by it.

  I spoke to Dr. Aaron Katchalsky, Weizmann Institute, Rehovoth, Israel, about you. He suggested that you write to him if you are interested in the possibility.

  Dr. Katchalsky is a leading chemist - his field is the chemistry of high polymers. During the last few years he has been scientific director of the Weizmann Institute, but that job has now been turned over to his brother.

  Dr. Katchalsky said that the laws of Israel are such that any Jew who asks for admission to the country is admitted.

  He also said that it might be possible to arrange a job for you teaching physics somewhere in Israel.

  At the present time there is little work in physics being done in the Weizmann Institute - they have laid the cornerstone of a physics laboratory, but have not yet appointed physicists to the staff. No teaching is done there, however, and probably Dr. Katchalaky had in mind some other institution. There is a university, Hebrew University, in Jerusalem, and a technical school, the Teknion, in Haifa. In addition, there are, I think, other schools in which physics is taught at other places in the country.

  I found that I was very much interested in the kibbuzin. It occurred to me that it would be possible that you and Lena would want to join a kibbuz. Probably you would then work as a teacher, but the level of instruction in physics, mathematics, and related subjects would not be very high. The kibbuzin are primarily agricultural communal groups, but they carry on instruction of the younger people there.

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• AHP writes cheque to: May Co.: amount: $5.90 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Charles D. Marple of the American Heart Association, Inc. to LP RE: requests a letter from LP on the character of Dr. Walter L. Hughes who is applying for a Grant-in-Aid from the American Heart Association for a research project on the subject "The influence of the environment on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen." [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Marple December 17, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]
• Letter from LP to Dean Watson RE: Salary changes for particular members of the Division of Chemistry. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.030, Folder 30.8]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi of the Laboratory of the Institute for Muscle Research. [Letter from Dr. Szent-Gyorgyi to LP December 6, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #371, Folder #1 : File (Szent-Gyorgyi, A.)]

  11 December 1953

  Professor A. Szent-Gyorgyi

  Laboratory of the Institute for Muscle Research

  Woods Hole, Massachusetts

  Dear Professor Szent-Gyorgyi:

  I am pleased to have your letter, which has arrived just before my wife and I set out on a trip for India. I have been invited by the Government of India to give lectures at various universities and research institutes in India - we shall be in that country six weeks, and shall continue on around the world.

  I enclose a reprint of our paper on compound helixes and the structure of hair and other α-keratin proteins. I do not remember whether you had this paper last year. This detailed structure of hair and other α-keratin proteins may not be exactly right, but I think that there is little doubt that it is approximately right.

  We had a conference on polypeptide chains and the structure of proteins in Pasadena during five days of September. It was attended by thirty people from other laboratories, and about twenty of our own people. Of the visitors about half were from England - Sir Lawrence Bragg, Kendrew, Perutz, Astbury, Randall, etc. Dr. John C. Kendrew of Cambridge University has prepared an account of the conference for publication in Nature, and I think you might be interested in the following quotation from this account:

  "It would appear from the discussion at this conference that the great majority of workers in the field would now agree that the α-helix is the basic chain configuration present in α-polypeptides and α-forms of fibrous proteins; the discussion centered not so much about evidence for the existence of the a helix as about details such as the modes of aggregation of helixes, methods for turning corners, and evidence for left-or right-handedness, etc. mainly in reference to fibrous proteins."

  With best regards, I am

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Dr. D. L. Woernley RE: is glad to hear of the measurements he is planning on magnetic anisotropy of biologically important crystals and fibers. Refers Dr. Woernley to a publication by Max Rogers for a description of techniques used in these kind of measurements. [Letter from Dr. Woernley to LP December 7, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #444, File #1].
• Letter from LP to Dr. David E. Green RE: Writes that he is unable to accept the offer to write a chapter in their upcoming second volume of Currents in Biochemical Research due to his gross over-commitment to other things. Suggests asking Dr. Jerry Donohue to write the chapter as he was closely connected with the work and continues his work on the same subject [protein structure]. [Letter from Dr. Green to LP September 22, 1953] [Filed under G: Correspondence 1953, Box #140, Folder #17]
• Letter from LP to Roger Hayward RE: in preparation for their collaborative article in Scientific American, another similar matter has come up. Dennis Flanagan wants LP and Dr. Corey to write something about the nature of proteins, and they want Hayward to co-author it, as well as to advise about the presentation of the material in the article and its illustrations.
• Telegram from the Kapur Indembassy to LP RE: notification that airline tickets for upcoming trip to India were sent via airmail on this date.

• AHP writes cheque to: Jesse Rosoff [The Parkway-Pasadena]: amount: $38.71 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Mrs Elizabeth Gillette: amount: $20.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Peter J. Pauling: amount: $475.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. J. J. Blum RE: Appreciates the work that he has done over the last year, was pleased to have the opportunity to work with him for a year. Then asks in great detail about the matter of a water bill LP received after returning from England at the 3500 Fairpoint St. house that Dr. Blum stayed in. Apparently the bill was unusually high in July and August. [Letter of response from Dr. Blum to LP December 20, 1953] [Filed under B: Correspondence 1953, Box #37, Folder #20]
• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.041, Folder #41.7]

  12 December 1953

  Dear Peter:

  I have received a catalogue from Harvard, covering work for higher degrees in the medical sciences, and have noticed something that might interest you.

  One of the Ph.D. degrees awarded, in 1952, was to Dr. F. M. Richards. His thesis was "Studies on the Density and Composition of Some Protein Crystals, Including a Preliminary Investigation of the Crystal Structure of Zinc Diglycinate Monohydrate."

  I haven't seen anything published about this investigation and probably he didn't get very far with it. If you decide to do work on amino-acid complexes of metals, you might want to find out what results he has got. Probably the best way to do this would be to write to Dr. Barbara Low, University Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Harvard University, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston 15, Mass.

  Love from

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.041, Folder #41.7]

  12 December 1953

  Dear Peter:

  I enclose my check for $375, representing payments for 1 January, 1 February, and 1 March. Also a check for $100, as a Christmas present.

  Mama and I agree with you that it probably is best for you not to try to meet us in Athens. We are going to stay in the Hotel Athenee Palace, and are scheduled to arrive there on the evening of 17 December and to leave the morning of 23 December. George, Mama's oldest brother, and his wife Billie are staying in the house with Crellin while we are gone. Crellin is going to Honolulu for two weeks at Christmas. Linda probably not - she has been invited to stay a few days with Wendell Stanley, at his parents' home, and then will come down here, I think. Wendell is in the Army - Fort Ord.

  Bill Freeman was here yesterday. He said that chemistry teachers that he had talked with on his tour around the country like the new edition of General Chemistry. He gave me a large number of comments on the book, especially on College Chemistry, which is used more. About half of the comments are highly critical, and the other half favorable. The critical comments are interesting, in that two different people, in different schools, may remark on the same point, and make opposed recommendations about change - one suggests more atomic structure, the other less, and so on.

  Jack Roughton is here too. He is Professor of Physiology (I think) in Cambridge.

  Love From

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from Peter Pauling to LP RE: Is considering going to Greece, but asks for LP and AHP's opinion. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.041, Folder 41.7]

• AHP writes cheque to: Aletha Courtney [Lieberg & Sons]: amount: $14.65 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Big Ben Shoe Outlet: amount: $17.35 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Grace Crane Bagley: amount: $11.30 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Leibergs [Lieberg & Sons]: amount: $17.54 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Pauline G. Schindler [Joy Cleaners & Dyers]: amount: $3.65 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Publications Office, Huntington Library: amount: $4.12 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: San Gabriel Valley Swimming Pool Service: amount: $25.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Vagabond Shop: amount: $36.23 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP signs a release for Crellin Pauling that settles any liability for a car wreck that Crellin was involved in on October 26, 1953. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.048, Folder 48.4]
• LP submits a form to Caltech for the hiring of Dr. Richard Lippman as a senior research fellow in chemistry. Outlines his past research. [Handwritten note: Not approved}. [Related Memo from Campbell to LP December 9, 1953].
• LP writes cheque to: AN Marquis Co.: amount: $15.25 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: American Chemical Society: amount: $34.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: CIT Bookstore: amount: $27.89 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: CIT: amount: $48.95 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Dr. RM Lippman [Homers Prescription Pharmacy]: amount: $34.26 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Himself: amount: $100.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: PW Selwood, Sec'y-Treas [American Chemical Society]: amount: $2.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• LP writes cheque to: Southern Commercial and Savings Bank: amount: $500.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from LP to Dean Watson RE: request that Professor Carl Niemann serve as Acting Chairman of the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering on LP's upcoming trip to India. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.030, Folder 30.8]
• Letter from LP to Dr. E. A. Moelwyn-Hughes RE: sends a reprint of his paper about the determination of the structure of chlorine hydrate, as he notices that Dr. Moelwyn-Hughes has just written a paper on the structure of gas hydrates. [Letter from Dr. Moelwyn-Hughes to LP December 21, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #248, Folder #7: file (Moelwyn-Hughes, E.A.)].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Ralph Spitzer RE: reply containing a congratulations to Spitzer on his new research, and discusses the findings regarding binding of dyes to serum albumin. [Related letter from Spitzer to LP October 21, 1953].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Theodore T. Puck RE: in response to Dr. Puck's letter, LP gives his opinion of Dr. Ralph Spitzer who is applying for a senior research fellowship at their university from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis. [Letter from Dr. Puck to LP November 2, 1953, filed under box 307 S: Correspondence 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Letter from LP to F.R. Wille, Air India International, Ltd. RE: Asks that Mr. Bennet of Bennet Travel Agency in Pasadena be compensated for his work in planning the itinerary of the India trip.
• Letter from LP to Mr. Joe Lyman of the Dragon School, Oxford RE: writes in answer to their letter to his son Crellin. Sends a check for a ten year subscription to their publication the Draconian and says that the address they have is correct. [Letter from Mr. Joe Lyman to Crellin Pauling October, 1953, letter from Mr. Joe Lyman to LP January 26, 1954] [Filed under D: Correspondence 1953, Box #98, Folder #18]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Joseph Halle Schaffner RE: discusses his plans for world travel and is sorry to say that they will not be able to visit in New York. Is grateful for the information that Mr. Schaffner obtained from Dr. Nathan Rosenthal about sickle cell anemia and wrote to him about. [Letter from Mr. Schaffner to LP October 29, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Letter from LP to Mr. Rune Soderquist RE: responds to Mr. Soderquist's letter by agreeing with him about a matter involving the discussion of the thiosulfate ion in his book on general chemistry. Has not yet prepared a manuscript for his lecture on the stochastic method and the structure of proteins. [Letter from Mr. Soderquist to LP November 27, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #379, Folder #1].
• Letter from LP to Peter Pauling [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #5.041, Folder #41.7]

  14 December 1953

  Dear Peter:

  Mama and I would like you to buy a book and mail it to us. It is "Daybreak in China," by Basil Davidson, published by Jonathon Cape Ltd., 30 Bedford Square, London, W.C. 1, for ten shillings 6 pence.

  Love from

  [Linus Pauling]

  P.S. Will you also please send a cheque for 5 pounds with the enclosed letter to Joe Lyman. LP

• Letter from LP to Sir L. Bragg RE: thanks him and Lady Bragg for housing him in the guest room in Trinity and inviting him and Peter to luncheon. Says that he plans a trip to India the next day and has heard that Mott will be Cavendish Professor. Also has heard from Peter recently.
• Letter from LP to the District Director of Internal Revenue, Los Angeles RE: Encloses check for income tax payment in the amount of $1000. However, since LP and AHP will be traveling to India, the rest of the expected tax balance will be paid before March 15, 1954.
• Letter from P.G. Dastoor, Air India to LP RE: Details the process of arranging air travel to India for LP's proposed trip.
• Letter from R.P. Mitra, University of Delhi RE: An invitation for LP to visit Mitra's lab on the planned trip to India. [Reply from LP to Mitra January 11, 1954].

• AHP writes cheque to: Adohr Milk Farms: amount: $11.41 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Allan Knight Chalmers, Chairman of NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc.: amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: National Parks Association: amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Robert Faig, Treasurer, Natl. Child Labor Committee: amount: $5.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from LP [?] to Bartz cc: LP RE: Outline of the Conference on the Structure of Metals and Alloys. Goes into detail on each topic to be discussed by each faculty member regarding the structure of metals. One significant inclusion is LP's contribution of the theory of ferromagnetism which was a relatively new theory. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.028, Folder 28.3]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Peter Kriezes, National Technical University of Athens RE: regretfully informs that he has been denied a passport and won't be able to travel to Greece as planned. [Related letter from LP to Kriezis December 8, 1953].
• Letter from LP to Howard Brooks, Unitarian Service Committee, RE: Enclosed is his report for his trip to Germany. [Filed under LP Peace: Box 4.001, Folder 1.3]
• Letter from LP to Mr. Dewey B. Larson RE: sends a brief response to Mr. Larson before he departs on a trip around the world with AHP Continues his debate with Mr. Larson on several questions. Emphasizes the necessity for Mr. Larson to have a more definite idea as to the difference between a solid molecule and a liquid molecule in the crystals and liquids. [Letter from Mr. Larson to LP November 7, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #212, Folder #12 (Larson, Dewey)].
• Letter from Mr. T. Rosenqvist to LP RE: sends a paper to LP and asks for his opinion on it. [paper included with the letter and entitled "Magnetic and Crystallographic Studies on the Higher Antimonides of Iron, Cobalt and Nickel."] [Note in pen at bottom: "7:30 415 S. Oaklawn Av. 1 bl. W of Fair Oaks."] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #340, Folder #18].
• Telegram from LP to Dr. Peter Kriezes, National Technical University of Athens RE: "Greatly regret circumstance necessitate cancelling trip".

• Letter from Fritz Laves to LP RE: writes that he read their note in Nature on the crystal structure of Mg32(Al, Zn)49. Looks forward to their publication of results on this compound. Makes suggestions for a note they plan to include about not being able to determine the structure. [Note in pen at bottom: "P.S. We didn't even start to try to solve the structure, for several reasons."] [Letter of response from LP to Prof. Fritz Laves December 29, 1953] [Filed under L: Correspondence 1953, Box #230, Folder #19]
• Letter from LP to W. Albert Noyes, Jr. of the University of Rochester RE: writes in response to Prof. Noyes, Jr's letter requesting information about stipends paid to graduate students. Describes the stipend procedure at Caltech. [Letter from Prof. W. Albert Noyes, Jr. to LP March 27, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #279, Folder #5. Noyes, W.A. 1938-1971].
• Letter from Prof. John C. Slater of the Physics Dept., MIT to LP RE: writes that he probably heard from Meckler saying that he is not planning on making calculations on either nitrogen or carbon monoxide similar to the oxygen calculations. Comments, as LP requested, on LP's paper "A Theory of Ferromagnetism." Hopes that LP will refine his theory. [Letter from LP to Prof. John C. Slater November 30, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #365, Folder #6: File (Slater, John C.)].
• Memo From W.N. Lacey to Dr. Niemann cc: LP RE: requests for budget outlines to be submitted. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.018, Folder 18.2]

• Letter from Endeavour [Dr. E. J. Holmyard] to LP RE: thanks LP for his letter of December 9, 1953 and for his praise. Sends a copy of Endeavour No. 25 and thanks LP for the suggestion to include an article by Bijvoet. Says he will write him. [Letter from LP to Endeavour December 9, 1953, letter of response from LP to Endeavour January 15, 1954] [Filed under E: Correspondence 1953, Box #112, Folder #19]
• Letter from LP to Byong Jim Kim RE: in response to Mr. Kim's letter, LP tries to suggest some topics that Mr. Kim could read up on in preparation for his anticipated acceptance into Caltech. [Note from Mr. Byong Jim Kim to LP July 17, 1953] [Filed under K: Correspondence 1953, Box #200, Folder #18]
• Letter from LP to Chancellor Lawrence A. Kimpton RE: writes because he has heard of and is disturbed by a rumor that the University of Chicago is losing their preeminent place through the loss of some of their outstanding professors and a failure to replace them by promising men. Is personally concerned about this and offers to help remedy the situation. [Letter of response from Lawrence A. Kimpton to LP December 24, 1953].
• Letter from LP to Crellin Pauling RE: writes that police showed up at Caltech looking for "Edward Pauling", and were directed to him. The police wish to serve Crellin with a subpoena regarding the car accident where Crellin was hit. He then goes on to discuss his travel plans to Israel and the passport problems. [Filed under LP Biographical: Box 5.048, Folder 48.4]
• Letter from LP to Dr. Charles Marple of the American Heart Association, Inc. RE: at Dr. Marple's request LP writes a character review for Dr. Walter L. Hughes who worked for a year in the Caltech Chem. lab as a Guggenheim Fellow and who is currently applying for a research Grant-in-Aid from the American Heart Association. [Letter from Dr. Marple to LP December 11, 1953] [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]
• Letter from LP to Dr. F. J. Allen RE: thanks him for his letter and writes that he is to soon leave on a three-month trip around the world. [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #5, Folder #3].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Farrington Daniels, President of the American Chemical Society. [related letter from Dr. Daniels to LP December 10, 1953, related article from Chemical and Engineering News September 21, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #190, Folder #4 (Irene Joliot-Curie)]

  17 December 1953

  Professor Farrington Daniels, President

  American Chemical Society

  Department of Chemistry

  University of Wisconsin

  Madison, Wisconsin

  Dear Farrington:

  I thank you for your letter of 10 December, and for your efforts to obtain a satisfactory solution to the situation about the application for membership in the American Chemical Society by Mme. Joliot Curie. I may say that I do not understand the situation at all. I judge that you have some information that I do not have, and perhaps I have some that you do not have.

  I am very much troubled by the sentence in your letter "Certainly it appears to be a communist trap designed to embarrass us." It seems to me that the only thing that embarrasses the American Chemical Society is the action of its Membership Committee. What possible embarrassment could there be to the American Chemical Society if Mme. Joliot-Curie were to be accepted as a member?

  On the second page of the letter you say "Sincerity of purpose is an obvious requirement for the privilege of membership in the ACS or any other organization. A person who applies for membership for political purposes or to create political difficulties should be denied admission."

  Do you have any evidence whatever of a lack of sincerity of purpose on Mme. Joliot-Curie's part in applying for membership in the ACS? It seems to me that the American Chemical Society could expect to have Mme. Joliot-Curie as one of its members. She is interested in chemistry -she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. I do not know whether she has the journals published by the American Chemical Society conveniently available to her; if not, I can understand that she would apply for membership in the Society in order to have its journals in her own office, for ready reference. I should think that she would have just as much reason for applying for membership in the American Chemical Society as almost any other of the approximately 100 French scientists who are now members.

  Accordingly I should like to ask you what evidence you have of a lack of sincerity in her application.

  To return to your statement about her application being a communist trap to embarrass us, I suppose that you mean that if she were

  granted membership the American Chemical Society would then be embarrassed through having a communist as a member - a French communist.

  I had not known that the American Chemical Society had any political condition for acceptance of its members. I have read in the papers, however, that about 20 percent of French voters are communists, and that the percentage among scientists is higher. I assume accordingly that about 20, or perhaps more, of the French members of the ACS are communists.

  Also, I should like to ask you if you know that Mme. Joliot-Curie is a communist? When I was in Paris some years ago I was told by one of the men at the Sorbonne that it was thought that she was not a communist, although I think it was known or believed that her husband was a communist. Also, I was told at that time, and again two months ago, when I visited the Sorbonne, that Mme. Joliot-Curie is not at all active politically. I think that she may have signed the petition to President Eisenhower, asking clemency for the Rosenbergs - I judge from Monod's letter published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists that practically all French scientists signed this letter. My impression is, however, that the statement that she is not active politically may well be correct.

  There is one more piece of information that seems to me to throw some light on the situation. I was told by one of the chemists in the Sorbonne that when Mme. Joliot-Curie received the letter saying that she was not accepted for membership she told her colleagues that she thought the American Chemical Society must consider her work to lie in the field of physics, rather than in the field of chemistry. The men to whom she spoke, I was told, then suggested to her that this could hardly be the proper reason for refusing her membership, since her work in fact did have some bearing on chemistry - enough to have got her the Nobel prize - and that probably the action was to be attributed to the anti-communist feeling in the United States. When I saw her it was evident from her remarks that she now thought this to be the explanation but that she did not have anything more than this general explanation.

  Can you tell me if she has been given an answer to the letter that she wrote some time ago, asking for a statement of the reasons for the refusal of membership to her?

  I should be grateful if you could answer this letter immediately. I have delayed my departure for India, and your answer may well get to Pasadena before I leave.

  With best regards, I am

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from LP to Mr. Lionel I. Rebhun RE: Hopes that he received the reprints that were sent to him. Goes on to describe the situation with the structure of nucleic acids as it pertains to himself and Prof. Corey. [Letter from Mr. Reghun to LP July 25, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #340, Folder #18].
• Letter from LP to Rodger Baier RE: In response to the question proposed in the letter from Mr. Baier, LP does not know why the formula of Magnesium Boride was presented as Mg3B2 by Moissan and Ray when it is really MgB2. Suggests some possible reasons and references Mr. Baier to literature regarding Magnesium Boride from Caltech. [Letter from Mr. Baier to LP July 5, 1953] [Filed under B: Correspondence 1953, Box #37, Folder #20]
• Letter from V. Vand to LP RE: Requests that LP tell him of any available positions that he knows of that would be suitable for him, as his contract at State College is expiring soon. [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Vand March 16, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #427, Folder #13].

• Letter from K.S. Pitzer, Dean of the College of Chemistry, U.C. Berkeley to LP RE: requests that LP give a lecture on protein structure for a regular departmental research conference that will be given. Mentions Ken Hedberg. [Letter from LP to Prof. K. S. Pitzer October 22, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #308, Folder #7 (Pitzer, Kenneth)].
• Letter from LP to Dr. Pino RE: Tells Dr. Pino that he enjoyed his visit to Allegheny College and is pleased that they invited him to come. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1953s.16]
• Letter from LP to Prof. Gilbert Haight, Dept. of Chem., U of Kansas RE: writes that he just ran across Prof. Haight's letter from last February asking LP to encourage able seniors at his institution to consider U of Kansas for graduate school in Chemistry. Says that at this time he knows of at least one interested student. Goes on to describe his near future travel plans to India, Israel, Rangoon, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Tokyo and finally Honolulu. Writes about what Peter is up to also. [Note from Prof. Gilbert Haight of U of Kansas to LP February 17, 1953] [Filed under H: Correspondence 1953, Box #166, Folder #4]
• Letter from LP to Professor Vincent du Vigneaud. [related memo from Robert B. Corey to LP November 20, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #425, Folder #5 (du Vigneaud, Vincent)]

  18 December 1953

  Professor Vincent du Vigneaud

  Cornell University Medical School

  1300 York Avenue

  New York 21, N.Y.

  Dear Vincent:

  I have been very interested to read about your synthesis of an octapeptide amide with the hormonal activity of oxytocin and very probably identical with it.

  These substances interest us very much, because of our desire to make complete x-ray structure determinations of peptides, and especially peptides with physiological activity.

  I suppose that it is doubtful that you have oxytocin in crystals as large as a tenth of a millimeter. If you have, we should like very much to attempt to carry out a complete structure determination of this substance. It would be a colossal job, but nevertheless we think that it would be worth while to try.

  Of the other substances mentioned in your communication there is one, L-glutaminyl-L-asparagine, that interests us greatly. Would it be possible for you to give us a small amount of this material, which we could attempt to crystallize and to investigate with x-rays? If you have crystals already, that would be best of all; if not, a hundred milligrams, say, of the preparation would permit the workers here to begin the job.

  With best wishes to you for the holiday season, I am

  Sincerely yours,

  Linus Pauling:W

• Letter from the Registrar, University of Bombay RE: notifying LP that he will be compensated for the two lectures that he is scheduled to give at the University of Bombay.

• AHP writes cheque to: Southern California Edison Company: amount: $20.30 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Southern Counties Gas Company: amount: $17.07 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• AHP writes cheque to: Tide Water Associated Oil Company: amount: $21.51 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from Professor Mizushima, Tokyo University to LP RE: Notifies LP of the requested topics of lectures to be given on LP's upcoming trip to Japan. Also finalizes reservation information. [Related letter from Mizushima to LP December 1, 1953].
• Note from Jacob Joseph Blum of the Naval Medical Research Institute to LP RE: thanks LP for his letter. Is glad LP was pleased with the results of his year-long fellowship. Goes on to write about his work at the National Naval Medical Center and his intention to send a note to Nature on his and Dr. Davie's work. Goes on to write of his distress about the condition in which LP found his home after he and his wife Natalie left it. Suggests explanations and solutions for the unusually high water bill. [Letter from LP to Dr. Blum December 12, 1953, letter of response from LP to Dr. Blum January 18, 1954] [Filed under N: Correspondence 1953, Box #287, Folder #20]

• LP and AHP check into the Biltmore Hotel in New York. [Receipt, checkout December 22, 1953].
• Letter from Alvin Meckler of M.I.T. Department of Physics, to LP RE: thanks LP for his letter of November 30, 1952. In answer to LP's enquiry, discusses hybridization of the sigma bond orbital. Refers to LP's proposal of 1931 in relation to a "Table 9." Says that nitrogen and carbon monoxide may become projects for him. [Filed under M: Correspondence 1953, Box #256, Folder #4]
• Letter from Beatrice Wulf to Dr. Richard F. Baker RE: Asking on LP's behalf if Dr. Baker would be willing to participate in the Friday Evening Lectures. [Related memo from EC Watson to LP September 11, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.030, Folder 30.8]
• Letter from Beatrice Wulf to W.H. Corcoran RE: Asking on LP's behalf if Corcoran would be willing to give one of the Friday Evening Lectures. [Related memo from EC Watson to LP September 11, 1953] [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 1.030, Folder 30.8]
• Letter from Dr. E. A. Moelwyn-Hughes of the Dept of Physical Chemistry of the University of Cambridge, to LP RE: thanks LP for his letter and for the reprint of his paper with Dr. Marsh on the structure of chlorine hydrate. Sends a reprint of another paper. [Letter from LP to Dr. Moelwyn-Hughes December 14, 1953] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #248, Folder #7: file (Moelwyn-Hughes)].
• Letter from the Executive Secretary of Gates and Crellin Labs to U.P. Basu, Indian Science Congress Association RE: sending, at LP's request, abstracts of lectures he plans to give while in India. [Reply to letter from Basu to LP August 5, 1953].

• LP and AHP check out of the Biltmore Hotel in New York. [Receipt, check-in December 21, 1953].
• Letter from Dr. Erich Wunsch to LP RE: requests LP's assistance in a matter about research in peptide synthesis. Needs some samples of certain active amino acids sent to Germany. Asks whether LP is interested in some crystal samples for his own research. [Letter of response from LP to Dr. Wunsch March 17, 1954, related memo from LP to R. B. Corey January 11, 1954] [Filed under LP Correspondence: Box #444, File #1].

• Letter from Dr. Llewellyn H. Jones to LP RE: writes that he received LP's comments on his letter to the Journal of Chemical Physics regarding the topic of the polarized infrared spectrum of KAu(CN)2. Goes on to explain his method of approach to this last paper and to describe a follow-up paper to be submitted to the Journal which indeed follows more closely with LP's comments. Will send the paper to LP soon and appreciates comments. [Letter from LP to Dr. Jones November 25, 1953] [Filed under J: Correspondence 1953, Box #192, Folder #19]
• Letter from Professor Evenari, the Hebrew University, to LP RE: sorry to hear that LP was unable to leave the States to visit Israel.

• Letter from Lawrence A. Kimpton to LP RE: is appreciative that LP is concerned with the University of Chicago's recent grim period of austerity, however, assures LP that "the old joint is not collapsing yet." [Letter from LP to Mr. Kimpton December 17, 1953].
• Letter from Meyer Weisgal to LP RE: Thanks LP for his November 30, 1952 letter. Expresses his gratitude at having LP attend the Weizmann Institute memorial and gives LP an open invitation to visit whenever his is able. [Filed under LP Speeches: 1953s.15]

• AHP writes cheque to: Linda Pauling: amount: $25.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]

• LP writes cheque to: Hay-Adams House [Washington DC Hotel]: amount: $100.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]

• Article from the Washington Post, "Revising the Record... AD-X2 Testimony 'Tinkered'," discusses the Astin case with the NBS. [Filed under LP Science: Box 14.023, Folder 23.5]
• Letter from LP [signed in his absence by Beatrice Wulf] to Dr. Don Bleitz RE: thanks Dr. Bleitz for the color photographs of birds that he sent as a Christmas gift. [Filed under B: Correspondence 1953, Box #37, Folder #20]
• Pauling Scrapbook: Chemical and Engineering News article entitled "Catalysis Shapes a Career" RE: Describes the life and work of Paul H. Emmett who went to school with LP. [picture of Dr. Emmett holding an absorption tube for catalyst]. [Filed under: LP Biographical, Box 6.006, Folder 6.44]

• Letter from LP to Dr. Leslie Orgel. [Filed under LP Science: Box 5.003, Folder 3.15]

  Dr. Orgel

  Linus Pauling

  29 December 1953

  Proposed research - Brillouin zones in intermetallic compounds

  The following investigation should be somewhat simpler than the one that I suggested on the resonating-valence-bond treatment of metals. Moreover, it is more closely related to the molecular-orbital method. Perhaps you would be interested to begin work on this problem.

  I propose that a study be made of Brillouin zones and electron numbers in intermetallic compounds in which the distribution of atoms of different kinds is such that there is a larger density of valence electrons in one portion of the unit of structure than in another portion.

  I think that the structure to use as the first example is that of Cr₄Si₄Al₁₃, described by Keith Robinson in Acta Crystallographica 6, 854 (1953). This crystal is based upon a face-centered cubic lattice with a₀= 10.917, and with one Cr₄Si₄Al₁₃ per lattice point. If we assume chromium to be sexivalent, there are 79 valence electrons per formula, or 3.76 per atom. Robinson has pointed out that the first important Brillouin polyhedron contains about 1.75 electrons per atom, and the second contains about 7.62 electrons per atom. Accordingly the Brillouin-zone theory seems not to apply to this crystal.

  About five years ago Dr. F. J. Ewing and I published a paper in Reviews of Modern Physics in which we pointed out that the gamma alloys and other complex intermetallic compounds have in general enough valence electrons, using the large values (approximately 6) for the valences of the transition elements, just to fill a Brillouin zone. We ask accordingly why Cr₄Si₄Al₁₃ does not show similar agreement with the simple theory.

  Dr. Orgel Linus Pauling 29/12/53 - Page 2

  First, there is evidence that the valences 6 for chromium, 4 for silicon, and 3 for aluminum are correct. If the interatomic distances are interpreted in the usual way (see my paper J.A.C.S. 1947) to obtain the bond numbers, the valences found are 4.0 for Al₀, 4.7 for Si, 6.1 for Cr, 3.8 for Al₁, and 2.6 for Al₂. These numbers indicate some electron transfer, to a value somewhat higher than the total possible number of valence electrons, and it is accordingly unlikely that any of the electrons outside of the next inner noble-gas shell are not valence electrons.

  A clue is given by the structure of the crystal. We may describe it by saying that there are Cr₄Si₄ complexes arranged in cubic closest packing, and with the space between these complexes filled with aluminum atoms. The complexes are roughly spherical in shape - there are four chromium atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron, and four silicon atoms at the comers of a somewhat larger negative tetrahedron. As an approximation we can say that each complex is a sphere, with volume 8/21 of the total volume per lattice point, that is, the spheres that are arranged in closest packing have volume 38 percent of the total.

  The aluminum atoms have about 3 valence electrons apiece, and the Cr₄Si₄ complex accordingly has 16 electrons more than it would have if each chromium and silicon atom had 3 valence electrons. We conclude that the average electron density within this sphere is 67 percent greater than the average electron density outside of this sphere.

  Dr. Orgel Linus Pauling 29/12/53 - Page 3

  In the ordinary Brillouin-zone theory, however, no consideration is given to the possibility of any other than a uniform electron distribution. The energy levels are calculated for a free electron moving in a constant potential, and the perturbations that produce the Brillouin zones are then obtained by consideration of the electron wavelengths in relation to Bragg reflection from important crystallographic planes. This method works very well for many crystals. Accordingly we may conclude that a refinement of the theory in such a way as to give a 67 percent increase in electron density around the Cr₄Si₄ complexes might well be satisfactory for the crystal Cr₄Si₄Al₁₃.

  I suggest that you attempt to carry out a treatment of the problem of the motion of one electron in a three-dimensional sinusoidal field with a potential minima at the points of a face-centered lattice, and maxima in the intervening regions. Mr. Gary Felsenfeld can, I think, give you references to work that has been done on the solution of the wave equation for such a potential function. The parameter defining the potential function is then to be adjusted until the wave functions for the 79 electrons per lattice point describe an electron distribution that places 16 extra electrons in the sphere around each lattice point - that is, places 40 electrons in this sphere, and 39 electrons in the region outside of the sphere. Next a consideration should be made of the wavelengths of the electrons in relation to the spacings of the planes defining the Brillouin zones, in order to see whether Brillouin-zone stabilization would provide an explanation of the

  Dr. Orgel Linus Pauling 29/12/53 - Page 4

  stability of the observed structure.

  There are a number of other substances to which a similar treatment might be applied. Perhaps you would prefer to begin with CaB₄, which is somewhat simpler. I have carried out a discussion of Brillouin-zone stabilization in this crystal by a different method. Here the calcium atom is at the points of a simple cubic lattice, and these atoms are enclosed in a framework of boron atoms. There are altogether 20 valence electrons in the unit cube - that is, per formula CaB₆. Of these, only 2 are to be associated with the calcium atom. The calcium atom has volume about 32 A.₃, slightly over one half of the volume of the unit cell, 71 A.₃. The problem accordingly would be attacked by setting up a simple sinusoidal potential function with maxima at the lattice points (occupied by the calcium atoms) and minima in other regions, which are occupied by the boron framework. The single parameter determining the potential difference between maxima and minima would be given such a value that when 20 electrons are introduced into the 10 most stable orbitals there are 2 electrons in the sphere with radius 1.97 about each lattice point and 18 electrons in the remaining regions. The wavelengths in relation to the principal interplanar spacings should then be investigated to see whether or not there is significant Brillouin-zone stabilization. I have found that the x-ray intensity of a plane cannot be taken as a satisfactory measure of its significance in producing Brillouin perturbation, in such a case. Since the wave functions tend to evade the calcium atoms, and the electrons are concentrated in the neighborhood of the boron atoms, it is the scattering power of the boron atoms for electrons that determines the magnitude of the perturbation in this crystal.

  cc: Prof. Pauling, Prof. Bergman

• Letter from LP to Prof. Fritz Laves RE: writes that he is sorry that he and his colleagues used an expression in their paper that displeased him. They will use different wording in the detailed paper on the structure determination of Mg32(Al,Zn)49. Goes on to describe work that he is currently doing including the structure of intermetallic compounds and biology. [Letter from Prof. Laves to LP December 16, 1953] [Filed under L: Correspondence 1953, Box #230, Folder #19]
• Letter from M. Bobtelsky, the Hebrew University to LP RE: regrets to learn that LP will not be traveling to Israel and hopes LP will visit them soon.

• LP writes cheque to: Hay-Adams House [Hotel]: amount: $200.00 [Filed under LP Biographical: Box #4.022, Folder #1]
• Letter from LP to Dr. P. Alexander RE: writes that he has come across Dr. Alexander's letter in a reprint and regrets to inform that he hasn't much additional information for him in regards to Dr. Alexander's research in wool. Hopes to have more information soon as his research progresses. [Letter from Dr. P. Alexander January 26, 1953] [Filed under A: Correspondence 1953, Box #12.19]

• LP Biographical: Business and Financial. RE: Six-month royalty statement ending on December 31, 1953 from McGraw-Hill Book Company. For the book Quantum Mechanics, 309 books were sold domestically, and 198 in foreign countries. Total royalties amount to $265.20. [Filed under LP Biographical, Box 4.045, Folder 45.3]
• LP writes a note to Mr. Nicholas, Secretary of State, canceling a passport request for a trip to India.
• Letter from John E. Loring to LP RE: writes that he would like to submit a paper on his Interlaw Theory of Related Values which deals with the related and inter-related laws of Universal Structure. Encloses an article by Karl H. Von Wiegand regarding his work. Requests also an application form for scientist membership in their organization. [Note in pen at bottom: "Thought you might be interested- Sincerely- John E. Loring."] [Filed under L: Correspondence 1953, Box #230, Folder #19]
• Letter from John E. Loring to Mr. Harris Shevelson, Editor of Pageant Magazine, cc: LP RE: Discusses his Interlaw Theory and refers him to an article from his magazine. Enquires about his interest in the Interlaw Theory. [Filed under L: Correspondence 1953, Box #230, Folder #19]
• Report by LP to the Office of Naval Research RE: annual progress report for the period of January 1, 1953 to December 31, 1953, on the subject of the Structure and Properties of Proteins and Synthetic Polypeptides. This 36-page report goes into great detail on the subject, including x-ray diffraction techniques used on various types of protein samples and the development of theories and mathematical methods to interpret the x-ray diffractions. Included are various diagrams and pictures detailing the work done. [Filed under LP Science: Box 14.032, Folder 32.2].