Major Events
- In March, General John L. DeWitt, head of the Western Defense Command, issues the orders to gather 110,000 Japanese-Americans in California and three other states and to move them to hastily constructed "relocation centers." Ava Helen Pauling speaks out against sending Japanese-Americans to these camps.
- Pauling, Dan Campbell, and David Pressman announce in March that, for the first time in medical history, antibodies have been formed artificially in laboratory flasks. Hitherto these disease-fighting substances have been formed only within the bodies of living persons and animals. This announcement of artificially-made antibodies makes the major newspapers and news magazines. They later publish a paper, "The Manufacture of Antibodies in vitro," in the Journal of Experimental Medicine. This paper creates interest and controversy. Landsteiner repeats the experiment and gets negative results. Others try and cannot reproduce the results of the experiment. Thus, the contention of Pauling, Campbell, and Pressman that they got serum globulin molecules to unfold by various means in the presence of antigens and then to fold up again, just as they would in the blood stream, is met with increasing skepticism. Nevertheless, Pauling continues to feel that what they found is real and should be able to be duplicated.
- In the spring, Pauling works on propellants for high-altitude rockets. His research centers on nitrocellulose propellants, and his main concern is proper burning of these propellants.
- In Pauling’s series of papers on the serological properties of simple substances, David Pressman becomes his most important collaborator. Pauling and Pressman occasionally use graduate and even undergraduate students to assist in the experiments on the precipitation reactions between antibodies and substances containing haptenic groups. For example, Carol Ikeda and Miyoshi Ikawa are two undergraduates of Japanese descent who participate in the first two papers in the series. Their work is mainly the preparation of the compounds that are used. Because of the war, Pauling experiences some difficulties in getting these students placed in graduate programs, but he eventually succeeds.
- Pauling writes a paper on the composition of precipitates of antibodies and polyhaptenic simple substances in which he discusses the valence of antibodies. This is the third paper in the series on the serological properties of simple substances and, like its predecessors, it appears in JACS.
- On August 10, James Bryant Conant, chairman of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) and deputy director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), phones Pauling, asking him to serve as chairman of an ad hoc committee on internal ballistics and special propellants. Pauling accepts, and all the work requested is, in due course, done.
- In the fall, J. Robert Oppenheimer offers Pauling the job of Director of Chemistry and Metallurgy Division at Los Alamos (the atomic bomb project). Because of his nephritis and because he is heavily involved with several war projects, he refuses (Joseph W. Kennedy accepts the position on November 6). Oppenheimer, to entice Pauling to come, says that he will have liters of tritium with which to work, but Pauling sticks by his decision.
- Pauling’s work as a member of the explosives division of the NDRC and as a participant on the consultative committee on medical research of the OSRD takes up more and more of his time.
Chronology by Robert Paradowski.
Travel
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San Francisco |
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Chicago |
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New York (3) |
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Chicago |
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Philadelphia |
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New York (7) |
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Washington, D.C. |
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Rochester, MN |
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Washington, D.C. (4) |
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Baltimore, MD (3) |
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Chicago (3) |
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Pittsburgh (2) |
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Washington, D.C. (5) |
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Pittsburgh (6) |
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Aberdeen, PA |
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New York |
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Dover, DE |
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See the Paulings' activities in
January 1942
Snapshot
Linus Pauling in a Caltech laboratory, holding a rock specimen. 1942.
Larger Image / More Information
Statistics
- 2000 activity listings
- 53 scanned documents
- 57 full-text transcripts
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Activity Listings - 1942 (No Date)
- Confidential pamphlet for the Nominations for Membership to the American Philosophical Society. [Filed under LP Science: American Philosophical Society, 1936-1963, 1989, 1991: Box #14.011, Folder #11.1]
- Individual Income Tax Return for Linus Carl Pauling and Ava Helen Pauling, for Calendar Year 1942. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business & Financial, Tax Documents, 1930-1956: box #4.001, folder 1.3]
- Individual Income Tax Return for Linus Carl Pauling and Ava Helen Pauling, for Calendar Year 1942. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business & Financial, Tax Documents, 1930-1956: box #4.001, folder 1.3]
- Letter from Peter Pauling: "To my Darling Mamma so she can do the dishes and then hang up her towels." [Filed under LP Biographical: Personal & Family, Family Correspondence: Peter Jefress Pauling. 1939-1953: Box #5.041, Folder 41.2]
- Manuscript Lecture Notes. Ch 1b. January through March 1942. LP gives two lectures per week. [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, File 12.6]
- Manuscript Notes. "Chemistry 1b, Schedule of Work" [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.102, File 12.6]
- Manuscript, Typescript: The production of Antibodies in vitro. [Filed under: LP Manuscripts: 1942a.7]
- Manuscript, Typescripts: The Magnetic Properties and Structure of Sodium Pentocyanoferroate and Pentacyanoferriate. [Filed under: LP Manuscripts: 1942a.9]
- Newspaper Clipping: "California Scientists Develop Synthetic Pneumonia Serum", Salt Lake City (Utah) Tribune, 1942. [Filed under LP Scrapbooks, 1941-1945: Box #6.004, Folder 4.7]
- Newspaper Clipping: "New Kind of Synthetic Medicine Made", Oregon Journal, 1942. [Filed under LP Scrapbooks, 1941-1945: Box #6.004, Folder 4.8]
- Offprint: Assignment and Agreement, by the California Institute Research Foundation, LP, Reuben E. Wood, and J.H. Sturdivant. LP Safe: Drawer 1, Folder 1.031
- Pamphlet for the American Philosophical Society. [Filed under LP Science: American Philosophical Society, 1936-1963, 1989, 1991: Box #14.011, Folder #11.1]
- Pamphlet from the National Academy of Sciences. RE: Final Notice for the 1942 Annual meeting. [Filed under LP Science: National Academy of Sciences, 1939-1944: Box #14.018 Folder #18.2]
- Photo: Crellin and Linda Pauling celebrating a birthday party. Crellin (left) driving a toy car, Linda (right) standing behind two younger children. Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Ship #631] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1942i.1]
- Photo: Linda Pauling, Ava Helen Pauling, and Nora Miller sitting on the back porch of the Pauling's Pasadena home. "AHP / Nora / Linda" Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Ship #697] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1942i.9]
- Photo: Linda Pauling, Ava Helen Pauling, and Nora Miller sitting on the back porch of the Pauling's Pasadena home. "Linda / AHP / Nora". Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Ship #696] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1942i.8]
- Photo: Linus Pauling Jr. lying on a couch, sleeping. Linus Jr. with several pictures scattered around him, and a notebook open on his lap where he wrote "Dear Thornt [?] I hereby relinquish ..." "Return to LP Jr." "42" "Fall 1942 @ Flintridge School for Boys" Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Ship #3970] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1942i.5]
- Photo: Linus Pauling Jr. standing outdoors, holding an open book. "44" "Linus Pauling Jr." "Fall - 1942" "Flintridge School for Boys" "Return to LP Jr" Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Ship #3971] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1942i.6]
- Photo: Linus Pauling in laboratory, holding a rock specimen. "19[?]2, Ava Helen Pauling / Linus Pauling CIT" Photographer unknown. Black and white print. [Ship #3356, #1365] [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1942i.7]
- Photo: Linus Pauling wearing a white lab coat and holding two rabbits at the California Institute of Technology. CIT, black and white print. [Filed under LP Photo Box: 1942i.2]
- Questionnaire for Staff members desiring to work on national defense problems from California Institute of Technology, Committee on Defense Cooperation. [Filed under LP Science: Scientific War Work - Materials re: the Pauling Oxygen Meter, 1940-1947: Box #13.001 Folder #1.2]
- Reference sheet for journal articles. [Filed under LP Science: Materials re: Antibody and Antigen Research; the Nature of Serological Reactions, 1940-1947, 1950-1952, 1973, 1986: Box #7.001 Folder #7.1]
- Reference sheet for journal articles. [Filed under LP Science: Materials re: Antibody and Antigen Research; the Nature of Serological Reactions, 1940-1947, 1950-1952, 1973, 1986: Box #7.001 Folder #7.1]
- Report on "In vitro Effect of a-Tocopherol Phosphate on Oxygen Consumption of Muscle from Vitamin E-deficient Animals." By O. B. Houchin and H. A. Mattill, Biochemical Laboratories, State University of Iowa. [Filed under LP Science: Orthomolecular medicine materials related to vitamin E (general), 1942-1975: Box #11.073 Folder #73.1]
- Request from the Journal of Immunology for references. [Filed under LP Science: Materials re: Antibody and Antigen Research; the Nature of Serological Reactions, 1940-1947, 1950-1952, 1973, 1986: Box #7.001 Folder #7.1]
- Schedule of Freshman Sections including Instructor, Recitations, and Laboratories. January through March. [Filed under LP Biographical: Academia: Box 1.012, File 12.6]
- Taxpayer's Receipt for Income tax for the year 1942 for AHP, totaling $252.30. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business & Financial, Tax Documents, 1930-1956: box #4.001, folder 1.3]
- Taxpayer's Receipt for Income tax for the year 1942 for LP, totaling $252.30. [Filed under LP Biographical: Business & Financial, Tax Documents, 1930-1956: box #4.001, folder 1.3]
- Typescript, Correspondence, Research Notes: A Study of Sodium Pentacyano-Aquo Ferriate and its Reduction Phenomena. [Filed under: LP Manuscripts: 1942a.8]
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1942